muddiest point

Okay im looking through the blog and i dont see my post or comment so ill just post it again....

My muddiest point is the diffusion in the blood stream, im still conused by that

Muddiest Point

Hey its catie here! my muddiest point is this: im still confused by the whole pigment thing...i know chlorophyll is nessecary for photosynthesis...but how does it 'absorb' other pigments? help please!

Scribe of the day

Hey y'all its catie here!

In class today, we...

-Discussed our pigment labs

-got grade reports

-began the lab on UP 73-76

-& discussed photsynthesis.

We spent a lot of time talking about photosynthesis. REMEMBER, WE HAVE A QUIZ ON IT TOMORROW!

Here's the scoop on photosynthesis:

-It all happens in the CHLORPLAST

-The STROMA is the name for the open space of the chloroplast

-The GRANUM is the 'stack of pancakes'. This is where the Light-Dependant reactions occur

-The 'pancakes' are called Phlatoids, and contain chlorophyll (which is the pigment nessecary to undergo phtosynthesis!

-The 'pancakes' also contain electrons

LIGHT-DEPENDANT reactions:

-Light comes in and hits the electrons, which gets them excited! Their energy level shoots up

-This splits the H20 molecules (which releases oxygen)

-Then, the electrons loose energy to form ATP

-The now split (or lonely) H+ molecule and NADP forms NADPH

-This carries nessecary energy to the CALVIN CYCLE

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT reactions: (a.k.a Calvin cycle)

-C02 is added to a 5 carbon sugar

-Engery from NADPH and ATP are used to carry out reactions

-Produces sugars (glucose!)

-DO NOT call this the 'dark cycle'! BECAUSE IT DOESN'T have to happen in the dark! This cycle doesn't care if its dark or light, it will still happen the same

OKAY BYE

Muddiest point

Hey guys my muddiest point is remembering the different charecteristics of the different phylums. Like i have a hard time distingquising between one phylum and the other. Anyone have a good way to remember?

El pointo de mud

heyy its catie! ok so i understand what half lives are, but im still confused about what they can tell us. Like how does it give evidence about evolution, and what does it prove (besides how many atoms there are)

Muddiest point YO

Hey guys! Ok my muddiest point is understanding what the egg does in the menstrual cycle. Or well actually the whole menstrual cycle... I understand that it uses feedback mechanisms and what glands make which hormone and stuff...but im kinda confused about the details of the menstrual cycle.

Scribe of the day YAY

Hey guys it's catie! So i forgot to post last time...sorry about that. but here's what we did in class today!




We learned all about the Menstrual Cycle and how it runs!



~It is regulated by negative Feedback Mechanisms. It all starts with the hypothalamus, who controls the pituitary gland. Responding to low Estrogen levels, it signals the pituitary to secrete more FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH.



~Then, the follicle (EGG!) develps, which releases more estrogen. This 1st half of the cycle is called the FOLLICULAR phase.

~Next comes Ovulation, where the egg is released.

~Then it's the Luteal Phase. Here, uterine lining builds up. The egg can get fertilized.


If the egg is NOT fertilized, this cycle starts all over again! woo hoo!

****

The chart displays how each gland produces the hormones of the menstrual cycle. (Sorry it's not lined up well...i drew it on paint). Basically, FSH triggers the Ovary to produce Estrogen (that's why they both have purple stars) and LH triggers the Ovary to produce Progesteron (green stars).

******
We also learned a little about contraception today. Contraception means to stop fertilization. In other words, BIRTH CONTROL! There are many different form of birth control, such as pills, condoms, etc. But abstinence is the only 100% affective way to prevent pregnancy.

Galactosemia!

Galactose is a food sugar found mainly in dairy products, especially milk. The ability for the body to break

down galactose comes from a specific enzyme. People with galactosemia lack this enzyme. So, their bodies cannot digest galactose properly, and it builds up in their blood. Galactosemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder.

The gene that codes for this enzyme, galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT), is located on chromosome 9. Many different mutations within this gene have been identified, and the most common mutation is called "Q188R". People with galactosemia have this mutation. A milder form of galactosemia, called the "Duarte variant", is also caused by a mutation within the GALT gene. Different changes within the GALT gene are what lead to variations in enzyme levels between individuals with galactosemia.

A person is diagnosed with Galactosemia as an infant, through a routine test of taking a blood sample from the heel right when they are born. The only treatment for a person with this disease is to adjust their diet. The goal of dietary treatment for galactosemia is to minimize galactose intake, which in turn minimizes galactose-1-phosphate production.

It is not possible for a person with galactosemia to have a galactose-free diet, because there is at least a tiny bit of galactose in everything. However, all persons with galactosemia should limit galactose intake from foods to a very low level. The galactose-1-phosphate levels of the individual determine the degree of dietary restriction necessary. If this strict diet is not followed, many problems can arise in the patient, like cataracts or liver problems.

However, as long as they adjust their diet accordingly, people with Galactosemia are expected to live a normal life expectancy, unless they are complicated with other problems or disorders.

Muddiest pointo

Hi it's catie! So my muddiest point is the Specific Defensives. Theres so much going on that its hard to keep track! Like B cells, and all the different types of T cells, and all the stuff they do and when they do it....its confusing! help!

SCRIBE OF THE DAY YAY

Hi it's Catie! I'm the scribe of the day today! WOOOO!

Alright, so today in class, the first thing we did was turned in our cancer papers. I hope we all did well! After that, we discussed the lab we did yesturday. Turns out, MR PAEK was the instigator of the disease. ED was the one and only carrier of the disease. Silly old Ed!

After this, we discused VIRUSES. Viruses are interesting little creatures. Well, actually, they aren't creatures at all; they are NONLIVING, because they do not have all of the traits that scientist say make a thing living (CELLS are the smallest unit of life, not viruses!).

A protein coat, called a CAPSID, surrounds a virus. Viruses are sneaky little things. A virus uses its proteins to 'trick' a cell to take in the virus/its genetic material. (Speaking of which, a virus's genetic material consists of DNA/RNA.).

A virus can ONLY reproduce within a host cell; it can NOT divide on its own. Viruses are PARASITES, because they exist off of an organism and harm the organism while doing so. There are two cycles of a virus entering a host called the Lysogenic Cycle and the Lytic cycle. In the lysogenic cycle, the virus enters a cell and the viral DNA integrates into the host's DNA. Then, the host cell replicates WITH the viral DNA. From there, more and more virus cells get created! The lytic cycle is very similar, except for an important part. In the lytic cycle, the cell EXPLODES!!!!!!!!!!!!!! and the viruses are let out and spread quite rapidly to other cells.

In other words: Cell go boom = Virus get spread.

After discussing viruses, we were going to watch a video. But 8th period jitters got the best of us again, so we didn't get to watch the video yet. :( But don't worry folks, we will watch it next time!

BIOLOGY RULES!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ok bye!

Next scribe is.. Maggie :)

MUDDY BUDDY

My muddiest point is about the chromosomes. Im kind of cunfussed about all the differnt things they do, especially during mitosis when all the confusing names come along (chromotin, chromatid, they all sound the same!)

MUD POINT!

Hey guys it's catie! my muddiest point for ecology is determining what kind of growth a chart depicts, like exponential growth. They confuse me alot! anyone have any good ways to remember??

Unit 1!!

Hi it's Catie! I thought unit one was interesting, because the jumping beans were really fun! Seriously they were super cool! Some content in unit one was a bit on the confusing side, but overall it was a fun unit! I especially liked looking at the cells in the microscope! it was awesome!

Hello!

Hi everyone it's Catie! I think something interesting is sloths. They're so cute!! I think they're interesting because theyre happy all the time even though everyone else is so much faster than them! This year, I think I'm most excited for finally leaving middle school! I'm probably least excited about all the homework and lack of sleep we're all going to get! This is my third try at posting so I hope it works!!!

P.s. I couldn't feed the fish :(